There are many merge-sort solutions at the forum, but very few quicksort solutions. So I post my accepted quicksort solution here.

Well, after reading the problem statement, I intuitively select quicksort since it is able to give an in-place solution and thus costs only constant space. Also, it is O(nlogn) in the expected case though it may become O(n^2) in the worst case.

Then I implement my quicksort solution and test it. I then submit it to the online judge. However, the annoying TLE error occurred. I check for the forums and some people suggested to use random pivoting or duplicate skipping. However, implementing random pivoting is a little costly, I lazily tried to skip the duplicates. And it works! So now comes the following solution . Note that each time I choose the first node as the pivot. Moreover, I create a new_head that points to headfor convenience.

Of course, this solution passes the online judge luckily. If the linked list is like: 100000 -> 99999 -> 99998 -> ... -> 1, it will fail since the subproblems only decrease by 1 at each recursion. However, it seems that the LeetCode OJ does not have this kind of test cases.

1     void sortListHelper(ListNode* head, ListNode* tail) { 2         if (head -> next == tail) return; 3         /* Partition the list. */ 4         ListNode* pre = head; 5         ListNode* cur = head -> next; 6         ListNode* pivot = cur; 7         while (cur -> next && cur -> next != tail) {         8             if (pivot -> val > cur -> next -> val) { 9                 ListNode* temp = pre -> next;10                 pre -> next = cur -> next;11                 cur -> next = cur -> next -> next;12                 pre -> next -> next = temp;13             }14             else cur = cur -> next;15         }16         sortListHelper(head, pivot);17         /* Here is the trick. */18         while (pivot -> next != tail && pivot -> next -> val == pivot -> val)19             pivot = pivot -> next;20         if (pivot -> next != tail) sortListHelper(pivot, tail);21     } 22 23     ListNode* sortList(ListNode* head) {24         ListNode* new_head = new ListNode(0);25         new_head -> next = head;26         sortListHelper(new_head, NULL);27         return new_head -> next;28     }